June 2025.

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Question.

Improvements in Rudder efficiency can considerably contribute in improving propulsion effectiveness. Discuss common rudder-efficiency improvement devices / techniques currently in use, referring to the following: -

a) Rudder Thrust Fins b) Asymmetric Rudders c) Rudder Bulbs d) Grim Vane Wheels.

Question.

Discuss the procedure of entry into force of an IMO Convention after its Adoption? State the provision and its importance towards entry into force of the convention. For a convention of important technical nature state, the general rules/ conditions observed by the states for its entry into force. Explain the terms (i) Accession (ii) Signature subject to Ratification, acceptance or approval.

Question.

With reference to marine insurance, write short notes on the following: (a) Port of refuge (b) Particular average and General average (c) Total loss and Constructive loss.

Question.

a) What is SCOPIC? How does it solve the difficulties of salvors?

b) In case of a collision between two ships on high seas, which state has the right & responsibility for following with justification and briefly describe the salient points of the applicable convention.

1) To take disciplinary action against the crew member or master?

ii)To cancel COC of crew members.

iii) for payment of compensation.

Question.

a) What is LLMC and what is its purpose? Which are the two heads of claims for which limitation is stated in this Convention? Who can limit liability under this convention?

b) Explain the terms: Plaintiff, Defendant, Privity and Unlimited liability.

Question.

a) "General average is based on certain essential features"-Discuss the statement.

b) A large vessel ran aground. Main engine was used in ahead and astern directions to shake the vessel loose from the ground. Due to excessive load some bearings of the main engine got burnt. Can this damage be included in the general average? Give justification to your answer.

Question.

a) State the applicable regulation of SOLAS and MARPOL under which it is mandatory for a flag state to conduct an investigation into any casualty.

b) Briefly write the salient points of casualty investigation code and the recommended practices for a safety investigation into a marine casualty or marine incident

c) What do you understand by the term very serious marine casualty?

Question.

a) How is Human Element issue addressed in STCW code.

b) Discuss the IMO guidance on fatigue mitigation and management on board ships

Question.

What do you understand by "Unseaworthy vessels" within the meaning of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, as amended? What according to you is the difference between "Unseaworthy ships" & "Unsafe ships". What are the obligations of owners to crew with respect seaworthiness?