SEPT 2022

Question.

Maritime industries have taken several initiatives to explore new digital technologies and "Augmented Reality" is one of such initiatives. With brief introduction on the principles of Augmented Reality, explain the following: -

a) Difference between Augmented Reality, Virtual reality and Mixed Reality

b) Advantages and Challenges in implementation of Augmented Reality in Maritime Sector.

c) How can Augmented Reality transform the seafarer's training and ship operation.

Question.

Several casualties have been reported involving ships carrying Bauxite as cargo.

Discuss the causes of such casualties and the specific care and action be taken, taking into account the provisions of relevant IMO instruments, when handling and carrying bauxite in bulk.

Question

Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management are laid down in MSC-FAL.l/Circ.3. Considering these guidelines elaborate following:

(a)Name all the onboard systems which are prone for cyber risks due to vulnerabilities created by accessing, interconnecting or networking of such systems.

(b)Explain the Elements of Cyber risk management.

(c)With regard to Resolution MSC.428(98) on cyber risk management, what requirement is made mandatory for shipping companies (company holding Document of Compliance). Specify since when this requirement is enforced.

Discuss the importance of cyber security in Maritime sector.

Differentiate between IT and OT system with suitable examples

Question.

(a) Define "Pollution of the marine environment" as per UNCLOS 1982.

(b) How does a flag state protect marine environment through preventive and punitive regulations?

(c) Refer to relevant parts of MSA 1958 and state the provisions legislating compliance with these by India as a flag state and as a coastal state.

Question.

Referring to various alternatives to tin-based Anti fouling paints, discuss the following.

a) Hull roughness of different types of antifouling paints.

b) Enhancement of foul release coatings by oil incorporation.

c) Personnel and health safety during application of AF paints.

Question.

Under Maritime law in case of a collision, explain following.

a) apportionment of damages.

b) proportionate fault.

c) collision liabilities.

d) presumptions of fault.

e) jurisdiction in collision cases.

Question.

Improvements in Rudder efficiency can considerably contribute in improving propulsion effectiveness.

Discuss common rudder- efficiency improvement devices techniques currently in use, referring to the following:

(a)Rudder Thrust Fins.

(b)Asymmetric Rudders.

(c)Rudder Bulbs.

(d)Grim Vane Wheels.

Question.

The HNS Convention is expected shortly to come into force.

Explain the following in respect of this convention,

(a) List and give examples of substances covered under this convention

(b) Types of pollution and subsequent losses or damages which can come under this convention

(c) Why would an oil products tanker probably require to have certificates under all 3 conventions i.e., CLC, Bunker and HNS.

Question.

a) Discuss the broad overview of the relevant IMO, ILO regimes relating to the Human Element in the maritime industry.

b) Analyze the Human Factor and ISM Code. In implementing the ISM Code how does human factor play an important role.