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July 2025

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Question. 1

With Reference to the Wreck Removal Convention;

a) Define "Wreck" and discuss the different categories of wrecks identified under the convention.

b) Briefly discuss the objectives and key provisions of the convention.

c) Analyse the legal and environmental implications of a wreck, focusing on the responsibilities of shipowners and coastal states.

Question. 2

(a) Explain Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of fuels used in ship operations. What are the different  stages of Life Cycle Analysis of fuels.

(b) Discuss Well-to-Wake (WtW) and Well to Tank (WTT) concept employed in GHG emission calculation of fuels used in maritime sector. Explain with justification which of these methodologies  would be feasible for shipping industry

Question. 3

a) Explain the phenomenon of liquefaction of solid bulk cargo, including the conditions under which it occurs and its contributing factors.

b) Briefly discuss the dangers posed by liquefaction to the stability and safety of a vessel, providing examples of incidents caused by liquefaction.

c)Outline the preventive measures and regulatory guidelines for minimizing the risk of cargo liquefaction during loading, transportation, and discharge.

Question. 4

What are the perils of the sea which are covered in a Marine Insurance contract? What can an insured do to cover a peril other than an insured peril of the sea? Explain with examples. Also, enumerate the perils which are covered under a marine insurance contract, but the onus of proof is upon the insurers to prove the assured's want of "due diligence" to avoid the claim.

Question. 5

a) Gender Equality is one of the goals of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Discuss the importance of gender diversity in the maritime industry and the challenges faced by women in this sector. (8)

b) Explain the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in promoting gender equality in shipping and elaborate on the initiatives taken by the Indian government to reduce the gender gap in the maritime workforce.

Question. 6

Define substantial corrosion in the context of ship structure and classification requirements. What criteria are used to assess substantial corrosion during inspections? Discuss the steps taken to address substantial corrosion during a renewal survey, including inspection techniques, repair methods, and the role of the classification society in ensuring compliance.

Question. 7

a) Explain the requirements for the classification of a ship, including the role of classification societies in ensuring compliance with safety and construction standards.

8 b) discuss the scenario where a ship is classed by two classification societies. How is this process managed, and who is responsible for conducting statutory surveys and audits in such cases.

Question. 8

An Indian-flagged vessel collided with another vessel off the coast of India, resulting in the loss of lives, vessel damage, and an oil spill. In accordance with the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, what steps should be initiated by the coastal state, and who is responsible for initiating these steps to ensure the safety of the ships and the marine environment?

Question. 9

(a) What are Standard Charter parties and enumerate the advantages of having standard Charter parties;

(b) Discuss risks that can be covered under Charterer's Liability Insurance.

(c) Discuss if the Charterer can be liable to pay compensation for cargo loss or damage as per Bill of Lading.

(d) Discuss if Charterers can be liable for payment of Oil pollution damage compensation cost under IMO conventions.

Thank you

God bless you.