2020

All of ek m.

PASSWORD TO VIEW THE ANSWER IS BELOW

ALFIDELFI

Question 1

Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.

(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.

(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.

(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.

Oct 2020 / JAN 2020

2015/SR04 2016/SR07 2016/SR10 2017/SR07 2017/SR08 2017/SR09 2018/SR04

2018/SR06 2018/SR07 2018/SR09 2018/NOV 2019/MAR

Question 2

a) Outline the problems associated with effective lubrication of the liner and piston assembly of a large slow speed engine

b) Describe the appearance and state the causes of EACH of the following

i) Cloverleafing

ii) Microseizure

c) Describe the composition of a cylinder oil suitable for an engine operating on vlsfo

JAN 2020

2015/SR02 2015/SR04 2016/SR10 2017/SR09 2018/SR04

Question 3

With reference to bridge control of a large slow speed propulsion engine

a) Explain how starting and reversal are achieved

b) Describe the investigation and remedial action required if the engine

i) Fails to turn on air

ii) Turns on air but fails to fire on fuel

iii) Fails to reverse.

JAN 2020

2015/SR04/ 2015/SR11/ 2016/SR07/ 2016/SR10/ 2017/SR07/2017/SR09 2018/SR04/2018/SR07/2018/NOV 2018/DEC/ 2019/JUN

Question 4

Describe the phenomena of vibration in marine diesel engine. Explain the terms: (a) Transverse Vibration (b) Torsional Vibration (c) Resonance (d) The role of vibration dampers.

JAN 2020

2019/FEB / 2019/MAR / 2019/JULY

2018/SR09

Question 5

Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain

Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension

JAN 2020

2012/SR12 2008/EMG 2008/SR6 2008/SR4 2011/SR7 2012/SR8 2013/SR7

2014/SR01 2014/SR02 2014/SR10 2014/SR12 2015/SR04 2016/SR10 2017/SR08

2017/SR09 2018/SR02 2018/SR04 2018/SR06 2018/SR08 2018/SR09 2019/JAN

2019/MAR 2019/APR

Question 6

With reference to piston rings

State the causes of breakage

State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage

Explain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings

JAN 2020

2008/EMG 20/SR08 2008/SR3 2010/SR2 2011/SR7 2010/SR11 2011/SR12

2012/SR6 2012/SR8 2012/SR12 2013/SR7 2014/SR01 2014/SR10 2015/SR04

2016/SR10 2017/SR07 2017/SR09 2018/SR04 2018/SR07 2018/SR09 2018/NOV

2019/MAR

Question. 7

With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements:

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design

Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion

Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition.

JAN 2020

2010/SR2 2011/SR7 2011/SR12 2012/SR6 2012/SR8 2013/SR7 2014/SR01 2014/SR10

2015/SR04 2016/SR10 2017/SR09 2018/SR04

Question 8

With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors used in 4 stroke auxiliary engines, explain

Why flyweights are driven at higher rotational speed than the engine

How dead band effects are reduced

How hunting is reduced

How the output torque is increased.

2009/SR7 2012/SR09 2013/SR09 2013/SR12 2014/SR02 2014/SR12 2015/SR04

2016/SR7 2016/SR10 2017/SR09 2017/SR10 2018/SR02 2018/SR04 2018/SR07

2018/SR08 2018/SR09 2018/NOV 2019/JAN JAN 2020

Question 9

With respect to Air Starting systems for 2 stroke diesel engines:

Sketch and describe Main Engine starting air distributor.

List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in main engine air starting system and state the purpose of each.

Oct 2020

JAN 2020/

2018/SR08/2019/JULY 2019/JAN2019/FEB/2019/APR/ DEC 2019

Question 10

With respect to diesel engine control and safety answer the following.

Explain with a sketch speed droop in a governor.

How is main engine governor different from auxiliary engine governor

Explain how load is transferred to an incoming generator explaining your actions with relation to the govenor droop line

FEB 2020

2013/SR1/2013/SR8/2015/SR01/ 2015/SR02/2016/SR4/2016/SR11/

Question 11

Explain why the following problems occur in turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies: – A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion.

FEB 2020

2011/SR10 2014/SR03 2014/SR08 2015/SR06 2016/SR4 2016/SRll 2017/SR06 2017/SRll 2018/SR08

2019/JAN

Question 12

Discuss the precautions which can be taken to minimize the possibility of a diesel engine crank case explosion and the transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery space; A. By design and equipment; B. By operating personnel.

FEB 2020

2011/SR10 2012/SR12 2013/SR8 2014/SR08 2016/SR02 2016/SR04] 2016/SR11

2017/SR10 2018/SR08 2019/JAN

Question 13

Enumerate the causes of vibration in diesel machinery and shafting. Describe procedures by which it may be reduced by operating personnel, suitable design and devices. State the possible effects of vibration on machinery and crewmembers.

FEB 2020

2011/SR1/2012/SR12/2013/SR8/2014/SR08/2016/SR04/2016/SR1/2017/SR07/2018/SR08/2019/JAN

Question 14

State the various types of indicator diagrams that are used to assess engine performance.

Specify the additional data needed in conjunction with these diagrams.

Explain how some abnormalities in indicator diagram can be traced to the indicator.

Describe the precautions necessary to avoid indicator malfunctions.

FEB 2020

2016/SR03/2016/SR08/2016/SR09/2017/SR12/2018/SR03

Questions 15

State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine

Question

Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine

Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:

i) Water is present

ii) Alkalinity has fallen

iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably

iv) Carbon content has increased.

FEB 2020

2008/SR2 2010/SR1 2010/SR2 2013/SR1 2013/SR8 2014/SR07 2014/SR08 2015/SR02 2016/SR4

2016/SR06 2016/SR09 2016/SR1

Question 16

a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during the preceding four months

i) Explain possible reasons for this cracking

ii) State with reasons the instructions you, as 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking.

FEB 2020

2008/SR11 2008/SR9 2010/SR2 2012/SR3 2012/SR7 201B/SR1 2013/SR8 2013/SR11 2014/SR08

2014/SR12 2016/SR11

Question 17

Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Chief Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents.

FEB 2020

2008/SR11 2008/SR9 2010/SR2 2012/SR3 2012/SR7 201B/SR1 2013/SR8 2013/SR11 2014/SR08

2014/SR12 2016/SR11

Question 18

Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at set value

State 3 possible causes

State how each of these causes may be detected

Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment.

FEB 2020

2008/SR11 2010/SR2 2012/SR7 12013/SR1 12013/SR81 2014/SR08 2014/SR12 2015/SR02

2016/SR04

Question 19

While operating at Sea during rough weather conditions, fire sparks have been observed coming out from the chimney. On investigation, it has been observed that the fuel contains considerable quantity of water and sludge. As the Second engineer of the vessel. Explain :

Immediate actions taken to rectify the problem.

Precautions you take to avoid recurrence of this type of problem.

FEB 2019/ DEC 2019

Question 20

With reference to the behavior of fabricated bed plates & frames in service:

Identify the various forces imposed simultaneously upon them.

Explain how engine structure withstands these forces.

Stare how these forces are transferred to ships structure

2014/SR06/ 2016/SR01/ 2017/02/ JAN 2018 / DEC 2019

Question 21

With reference to the main engine burning heavy fuel. Ship has been asked to use low sulphur diesel oil, what are problems likely to be encountered and risks involved in continuous running of Main engine on such low Sulphur fuels.

2018/NOV/DEC/ DEC 2019

Question 22

Explain the term 'cascade control’ and sketch such a system suitable for use with a main engine jacket cooling water system. Show the variation of pressure and temperature at the major points of the system.

JAN 2018/ DEC 2019

Question 23

A diesel generator when fitted in a machinery space which is periodically unmanned may be equipped monitoring alarms of the exhaust temperatures. Discuss the relative merits of,

(a) individual cylinder maximum temperature alarms;

(b) individual cylinder maximum and minimum temperature alarms; and

(c) individual cylinder maximum temperature alarms and alarm for any two cylinder exhaust temperatures deviating more than 350 C; explain how this arrangement can be provided for

DEC 2019

2011/SR3/2014/SR06 2016/SR01/2017/02

Question 24

With reference to turbocharger bearings:

Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of white metal sleeve and ball race bearings for turbocharger rotor support.

State with reasons how axial location of the rotor is achieved.

Explain how the bearings are kept cool in service.

Indicate how the bearings are sealed from the atmosphere and exhaust gas.

2018/DEC/2019/JUN/DEC 2019

Question 25

With respect to scavenge fires in Large two stroke Marine engines:

State the common causes of scavenge fires.

List the indication that a scavenge fire is in progress.

State the immediate action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire.

List with reasons the checks and precautions necessary before an engine is put back in to service following a scavenge fire.

Oct 2020

2018/DEC/2019/JUN/DEC 2019

Question 26

Explain the functional and constructional difference between the torsional and Axial vibration dampers with the help of neat sketches, explain the function of the side and Top bracing of the main engine.

MARCH 2020

2019/AUG

Question 27

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing

Consequences of failure to maintain clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings

MARCH 2020

2009/SR7 2009/SR7 2008/SR12 2008/SR8] 2011/SR2 2010/SR6 2012/SR2

2013/SR4 2019/FEB] 2019/AUG

Question 28

How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence he reduced? Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion. Slate the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand

MARCH 2020

2015/SR7 2019/FEB 2019/JULY 2019/AUG,

Question 29

State how EACH of the following defects becomes apparent, describe its effect on engine operation or safety and indicate the corrective action required to restore normal engine conditions.

Leaking air inlet and exhaust valves

Leaking air start valve

Cracked cylinder liner

Broken piston rings.

MARCH 2020

2008/SR3 / 2010/SR01 / 2016/SR06 / 2019/FEB / 2019/JULY / 2019/AUG

Question 30

With reference to main engine turbocharger; A. Explain why cleanliness throughout the turbochargers system is critical to engine performance? B. Describe in-service cleaning procedure for gas and air sides of a turbocharger indicating safety precautions to be observed?

MARCH 2020

SR06 2018/SR03 2019/FEB

Question 31

With Reference to the 4-Stroke Medium Speed engines:

Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons.

Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore.

Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices.

MARCH 2020

2009/SR6 2007/SR5 2010/SR10 2012/SR7 2013/SR10 2013/SR11 2014/SR02 2014/SR9

2014/SR11 2015/SR01 2015/SR03 2016/SR07 2018/SR02 2018/SR07 2018/SR08 2018/NOV

2019/JAN 2019/FEB 2019/APR 2019/JULY 2019/AUG

Question 32

With reference to the scavenge spaces of main engines, give reasons for the following faults:

(a) Lubricating oil accumulation.

(b) Scavenge fires.

(d) High air temperature.

MARCH 2020

Sr 4 2008, Sr 4 2006

Question 33

Describe with a Sketch either a hydraulic governor or an electronic governor

Explain how the governor described in Q (a) functions to Increase fuel to the engine in the event oh load Increase.

State defects, which can impair operation of the governor described in. Q (a)

Oct 2020 / MARCH 2020

Oct 2010

Question 34

Main engine fuel injection systems require a lot of attention to ensure optimum Performance.

As the chief engineer of a 15-year-old vessel which has recently been bought by your company you have found that the main engine fuel system had been poorly maintained.

Explain the steps you will take to ensure good standards are brought back.

Your answer should be comprehensive, starling from ordering of bunkers.

MARCH 2020

Question 35

What is "virtual tappet" in the hydraulically actuated air spring return exhaust valves, and how is it set. Explain why the damage occurs to the seats of the exhaust valves due to furrowing and cutting and how an incident of "valve drop" leading to extensive damage to running gear can occur.

2019/AUG

Question 36

Describe methods of static and dynamic balancing of an engine and describe what are first order, second order and higher order moments in engine.

2019/QCT

Question 37

Sketch and describe Heavy fuel oil system of a large bore internal combustion engine and give temperature and pressure at important points. Discuss atomization, penetration and swirl and their inter relationship.

Question 38

Sketch and show all parts of a two-stroke engine stuffing box. Describe the procedure of overhauling two stroke engine stuffing box, without removing piston. All safety precautions to be mentioned proper tools used for overhaul mentioned.

2018/SEP 2018/NOV 2018/DEC 2019/MAR 2019/JUN

Question 39

State the probable engine defects and rectifying action needed if the following conditions are indicated on a single unit of a large two-stroke marine diesel engine having seven units. State any additional information which might be of help in forming an option.

Increased exhaust temperatures.

Reduced exhaust temperature.

Reduction in jacket cooling water outlet temperature.

Increase in jacket cooling water return temperature.

2018/DEC 2019/JUN

Question 40

Sketch and describe an overview of the electronic controlled camshaft-less engine with respect to the following operations: a. Fuel Injection system. b. Exhaust valve actuator system. c. Cylinder lubrication system

2019/JULY.

Question 41

During recent months a number of fuel injector needle valves have seized in their bodies during engine operation.

a. Explain the effects on engine operation.

b. State the possible causes. c. As Second Engineer, state with reasons, the instructions to be issued in order to minimize this problem.

2019/JULY

Question 42

With respect to Lubricating Oils used in Main Engine Sump: A. Briefly describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.

Oct 2020

2018/SR02 2018/SR08 2019/JAN 2019/APR

Question 43

In operation of a 2-stroke marine diesel engine, following conditions are observed at different occasions:

(a) A gradual rise in exhaust temperature at one cylinder.

(b) A rise in crankcase sump level.

Explain the reasons and subsequent actions taken for each of the above.

2019/APR

Question 44

Enumerate the causes of Piston Crown burning and subsequent deterioration in engines using Heavy Fuel Oil. Also mention the possible reasons and steps to be taken to correct the situation of complete burn out of the Piston crown.

2019/APR

Question 45

The failure of bridge control and remote control from engine control room has occurred during maneuvring of your vessel in closed waters.

(a) What all important data will be required to be monitored and recorded manually?

(b)Explain how as a Second Engineer you will organize your staff for effective watch keeping with special attention to maneuvering.

2019/APR

Question 46

Sketch and describe the -different types of Crankshafts used in Marine engines. Also describe the process of Induction Hardening performed on crankshafts and give the advantages of this process for the crankshafts.

2019/APR

Question 47

With respect to control air supply system for Main Engine Control:

A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic control system; B. Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

2018/SR02 2018/SR08 2018/SR09 2019/JAN 2019/MAR

Question 48

Discuss the significance of cylinder lubrication in two stroke diesel engines considering the impact of Annex VI of Marpol 73/78. Explain a) Two level cylinder lubrication incorporated on few diesel engines. (b) The effect of over and under lubrication on engines.

2018/SR09 2019/MAR

Question 49

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings. Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing.

2019/FEB

Question 50

With respect to piston cooling in large two stroke marine engines;

Briefly discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of oil and water for piston cooling. B. Sketch a piston for a large two-stroke crosshead engines indicating the coolant flow. C. State the causes of piston cracking and burning and how it can be avoided.

Question 51

With respect to large two stroke crosshead main engines;

Sketch and describe a crosshead designed to prevent or minimize bearing edge loading. B. State how the arrangement describe a achieves its purpose. C. What would be an acceptable range of bearing clearance for the top end bearing and bottom end bearings of a large two-stroke marine diesel engine

Question52

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing;

B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner;

C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine.

2009/SR7 2008/EMG 2011/SR1 2012/SR1 2012/SR4 2012/SR9 2013/SR4

2013/SR7 2013/SR09 2013/SR10 2013/SR11 2014/SR02 2014/SR9 2014/SR11

2015/SR01 2015/SR03 2015/SR04 2016/SR07 2016/SR10 2017/SR07 2017/SR09

2018/SR02 2018/SR04 2018/SR07 2018/NOV

Question 53

With reference to piston rings;

A. Analyze the causes of breakage;

B. How maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage;

C. Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.

2008/EMG 20/SR08 2008/SR3 2010/SR2 2011/SR7 2010/SR11 2011/SR12

2012/SR6 2012/SR8 2012/SR12 2013/SR7 2014/SR01 2014/SR10 2015/SR04

2016/SR10 2017/SR07 2017/SR09 2018/SR04 2018/SR07 2018/SR09 2018/NOV

Question 54

Assume you are instructed to submit to superintendent engineer a complete set of indicator cards together with relevant data. Give full account of your work in taking the cards and preparing them for submission; Tabulate the data you forward, both that extracted from the cards and otherwise obtained, giving typical figures taken from a motor ship.

2018/OCT

Question. 55

Describe with aid of sketchs, a turbocharger bearing lubrication system. Starting the type of bearing employed and explain the advantages and disadvantages of the lubricating system described.

2016/SR08

Question - 56

With reference the crankshaft and running gear of an engine, explain EACH of the following: (a) Static balance; (b) Dynamic balance; (c) Torque reaction couple; (d) Critical speed.

2018/OCT/2015/SR09/2015/SR11/2018/OCT/2016/SR08

Question - 57

Recent experience has shown persistent damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valves which is not confined to any particular cylinder unit.

State, with reasons, the possible causes;

State the short-term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problems; C. State, with reasons, how future incidents of this nature could be minimized.

Sr 7 2005/2013/SR6/2015/SR09/2018/OCT

Question 58

With reference to timing chains:

State the cause of chain elongation in service, using a sketch of a section of a camshaft roller chain to illustrate your answer;

State: i. The effects of increased chain length:

ii. The method of assessing percentage increase in length:

Explain how the effects of elongation are corrected:

State why a limit is placed on percentage chain elongation and give typical example.

Oct 2020

2010/SR09 2015/SR11 2018/OCT

Question 59

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the main engine auxiliary equipment for automatic monitoring and regulation of the fuel viscosity.

Explain the operation of the system, which incorporates the equipment described in (a).

For an engine which is maneuvered on distillate fuel but operated on heavy residual oil at sea, static, as second engineer, the standing orders you would issue for the procedure to be adopted when changing form distillate fuel to heavy residual oil and vice versa.

2018/OCT

Question 60

With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:

Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service.

Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored and rod scoring is avoided;

Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;

Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.

2008/SR10/2015/SR09/2010/SR4/2012/SR6/2018/OCT

Question 61

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out;

Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

2008/SR11 2010/SR3 2010/SR9 2010/SR4 2008/SR9 2008/SR10 2012/SR3

2012/SR6 2015/SR09 2015/SR11 2018/OCT

Question 62

Whilst operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.

State, with reasons, the immediate action you as Second Engineer would take to ensure the safe operation of the main engine;

State, with reasons, the possible place where water could enter the fuel system;

State, with reasons, the standing instructions you as Second Engineer would issue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel.

2010/SR4 2009/SR3 2008/SR11 2008/SR9 2012/SR6 2015/SR09 2018/OCT

Question 64

Describe how large slow speed engines are structured to withstand the following:

Forces due to combustion load

Guide force

Inertia force

2012/SR04/2013/SR10/2014/SR11/2014/SR06/2015/SR07/2016/SR01/2016/SR07/2018/SR01

Question 65

With regards to connecting rod ovality of 4-stroke diesel engine explain following. a) importance of connecting rod ovality. b) method of measuring the connecting rod ovality. c) discuss the impact of ovality if it increases beyond the maximum allowable limit. d) method of ascertaining the elongation of connecting rod bolts.

2018/SR06

2017/SR08

Question 66

With regards to modern diesel engine raising the Life Cycle Value (LCV). describe the importance of following. a) Low Sac Volume of Fuel Injection Valve b) Fuel Valve opening Pressure regulation c) Contamination of combustion Chamber and impact on LCV d) Contamination of lube oil and impact on LCV.

2017/SR08 2018/SR06

Question 67

With reference to Modern Diesel Engine describe the features of High pressure Miller cycle and discuss the following. a) Reduction in Air Temperature due to Miller Cycle b) Recove1Y of Pressure in the Combustion chamber during the Miller cycle c) Effect of Miller Cycle on specific fuel consumption and NOX emission. d) The impact on various parameters during low load operation using Miller Cycle

2017/SR08 2018/SR06

Question 68

With regards to modern 4-stroke diesel engine explain the following. a) The function of protection ring installed on the upper part of liner. b) The moderation in fuel injection drive system compared to conventional 4- stroke engine. c) Staggering of layout for multi hole nozzles. d) Effect of swirl and squish during the combustion process and how swirl and squish is generated.

2017/SR08 2018/SR06

Question 69

Describe the starting and reversing system of an electronically controlled diesel engine and compare with engine having CAM SHAFT and explain following. a) Reduction in air consumption during engine starting. b) improved performance during astern starting and crash astern.

2018/SR06

2017/SR08

Question 70

With regards to modern diesel engines revolution pick up sensor. discuss with suitable diagram the following. a) functioning of revolution pick up sensor. b) adjustment of pick up sensor. c) adjustment of rotary encoder. d) adjustment of pulse angle offset.

2017/SR08 2018/SR06

Question 71

Explain the working principle of variable turbine inlet turbocharger(VTI). With regards to VTI turbocharger discuss following. a) how is the exhaust gas inlet variation to the turbine achieved b) advantage of VTI during low load operation. c) With the aid of diagram show the mechanism to alter VTI.

2017/SR08 2018/SR06.

Question 72

Explain the possible reasons T/C vibration while operating at a steady speed B. State how the incidence of turbo charger vibration might be minimized C. Explain the action to be taken in order to maintain 2 stroke - engine operation in the vent of turbo charger having to be taken out of service D. Indicate the effect this action will have on engine operation/ Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized

Oct 2020

2015/SR04 2016/SR10 2017/SR09 2018/SR04

Question 73

With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss with the aid of a diagram the safety precaution which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

2009/SR2 2010/SR1 2014/SR04 2014/SR07 201 5/SR12 2016/SR3 2016/SR08 2016/SR08 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 74

Discuss the various types of indicator diagrams and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance.

B. Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards.

2016/SR03 2016/SR08 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 75

With reference to large starting air receivers: A. Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions:

B. State the how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; C. If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected; D. State the further action a 2nd engineer must take upon discovering such air receiver corrosion.

2010/SR6 2006/SR5 2006/SR7 2012/SR2 201 3/SR04 2014/SR03 2014/SR7 2015/SR3 2016/SR3 2016/SR9 017/SR12

018/SR03

Question 76

Describe how a crank pin bearing of a 2-stroke main propulsion engine is opened up for inspection B. Which half of the bearing is subject to greater wear? C. Which are the various causes of wear down of the bearing.

2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 77

Evaluate the influence, of the following factors upon cylinder and piston ring wear rates:

(a) Position of rings in relation to piston crown,

(b) Spread and proximity of coolant passages from liner wall

(d) Chromium plating of ring faces

2014/SR07 2016/SR03 2016/SR08 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 78

State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.

State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.

Describe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.

2014/SR07 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 79

W.R.T. large fabricated bedplates explain

With reasons why longitudinal strength and rigidity is important in spite of the contributions made by the ship structure

With sketches show how combustion load imposed on piston and cylinder heads are transmitted and absorbed by the bedplates

2014/SR07 2016/SR03 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 80

Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and light carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

2009/SR7 2009/SR3 2008/SR8 2011/SR2 2011/SR9 2012/SR09 2013/SR7 2013/SR09 2014/SR02

2014/SR12 2018/SR02

Question. 81

Misalignment of main shafting bearing engine and propeller causes bearing overload and shaft stress.

State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why result are unreliable due to external factors.

Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed

Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.

2009/SR7 2012/SR7 2012/SR09 2013/SR6 2013/SR11 2014/SR01 2014/SR02 2014/SR10 2015/SR01 2015/SR02 2018/SR02

2019/FEB 2019/APR 2019/JULY 2019/AUG 2019/QCT

Question 82

With the aid of a block diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor fitted to an auxiliary diesel engine.

An engine fitted with an electronic governor behaves erratically during load changes. Explain the possible causes.

2014/SR02 /2012/SR3./ 2018/SR02

Question 83

Sketch a main engine shaft driven generator with electronic system for frequency correction Describe the operation of the generator arrangement sketched.

Question 84

(a) If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: -

(i) How it can be stopped,

(ii) What is likely to be the reasons for the failure.

(b) Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically.

Question 85

The analysis of oil may be used as a method of monitoring the condition of the equipment that it lubricates.

Explain briefly how shore analysts might test the oil.

State the type of information that would be expected.

Give possible reasons for an excess of:

Question 86

During a routine crankcase inspection, a main engine top end bearing is found to be wiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored.

Explain in detail the action, which should be taken to enable the engine to be safety operated so that the vessel may reach a port where effective repair facilities are available.

State with reasons the factors, which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated.

Question 87

Describe the process of inspecting the running gear of a main diesel engine. What is the purpose of such an inspection and what defects may be found?

Question 88

Draw a line diagram of a complete feed water system for an auxiliary boiler labelling all the principal items and showing the direction of flow in all lines.

Explain how the feed supply to the boiler is regulated;

State what means are provided to prevent oil contamination of the feed water.

Question 89

With reference to 2-Stroke Slow Speed Engine: A. Sketch and describe Main Engine Exhaust Valve. B. List out a procedure for test of Main Engine Exhaust Valve after overhaul.

2018/SR08 2019/JAN 2019/FEB 2019/APR 2019/JULY

Dec 2017

Question 73

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

2009/SR2 2010/SR1 2014/SR04 2014/SR07 201 5/SR12 2016/SR3 2016/SR08 2016/SR08 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 74

Discuss the various types of indicator diagrams and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance.

B. Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards.

2016/SR03 2016/SR08 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 75

With reference to large starting air receivers: A. Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions:

2010/SR6 2006/SR5 2006/SR7 2012/SR2 201 3/SR04 2014/SR03 2014/SR7 2015/SR3 2016/SR3 2016/SR9 017/SR12

018/SR03

Question 76

2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Questions 15

State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine

Question

Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine

Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:

i) Water is present

ii) Alkalinity has fallen

iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably

iv) Carbon content has increased.

FEB 2020

2008/SR2 2010/SR1 2010/SR2 2013/SR1 2013/SR8 2014/SR07 2014/SR08 2015/SR02 2016/SR4

2016/SR06 2016/SR09 2016/SR1

Question 77

Evaluate the influence, of the following factors upon cylinder and piston ring wear rates:

(a) Position of rings in relation to piston crown,

(b) Spread and proximity of coolant passages from liner wall

(d) Chromium plating of ring faces

2014/SR07 2016/SR03 2016/SR08 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question

State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.

State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.

Describe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.

Question 78

State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.

State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.

Describe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.

2014/SR07 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Question 79

W.R.T. large fabricated bedplates explain

With reasons why longitudinal strength and rigidity is important in spite of the contributions made by the ship structure

With sketches show how combustion load imposed on piston and cylinder heads are transmitted and absorbed by the bedplates

2014/SR07 2016/SR03 2016/SR09 2017/SR12 2018/SR03

Nov 2017

Question

With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller

Explain how the vibrations any be caused

b) State the possible effects and damage that could result

c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration

d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.

2008/SR11/2011/SR2/2011/SR6/2014/SR03 2015/SR06 2015/SR07/2017/SR06/2017/SR11

Question

Explain EACH of the following

a) Why wear down in main bearings is critical to the condition of the crankshaft and propeller shaft system

b) Why total reliance is placed on frictional grip in conventional built up crankshaft

c) Why oil holes are given large fillets in crankpins and journals

201 5/SR02 2015/SR06 2015/SR11 2017/SR06 2017/SR11

Question

During the past four months since you have joined the ship as C/E a number of main engine exhaust valves have suffered cracking and corrosion at the seating faces. Write a report to the Superintendent covering the following points:

a) An explanation detailing how the, problem became evident

b) Your action upon recognising the extent and seriousness of the problem

c) Your reasoned views regarding the possible causes of the problem

d) Your recommendations to avoid future incidents

2017/SR06 2017/SR11

Question

Sketch and describe a common rail fuel system as fitted to a diesel engine. How is delivery of the fuel controlled?

2010/SR12 2013/SR3 2013/SR10 2014/SR11 2015/SR06 2017/SR06 2017/SR11

Question

Sketch and describe an “out of phase” diagram for a large 2-stroke slow speed cycle engine. Describe in detail the part of the cycle showing the diagram. Using the diagram explain the effects of burning liable and low grade fuels (when fuel injection timing is not altered). Explain how good ignition and combustion can be obtained when using low grade fuel.

2010/SR12 2013/SR3 2013/SR10 2014/SR11 2015/SR06 )17/SR06 D17/SR11

Question

Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine; B. Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured; C. What is the purpose of the flywheel? Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel. Explain how this can be done.

2011/SR11 2011/SR8 2013/SR10 2014/SR11 2015/SR06 2017/SR06 2017/SR11

Question

Explain why the following problems occur in turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies: – A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion.

FEB 2020

2011/SR10 2014/SR03 2014/SR08 2015/SR06 2016/SR4 2016/SRll 2017/SR06 2017/SRll 2018/SR08

2019/JAN

Question

Describe the method of setting the safety valves of an exhaust gas boiler at sea. A. State the limits in terms of percentage above maximum design working pressure for setting safety valves. B. State the formality necessary when Chief engineer sets the safety valves.

2011/SR06 2012/SR11 2013/SR3 2014/SR03 2015/SR06 2017/SR06 2017/SR11

Question

Describe in detail the causes and conditions that; A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase; B. Initiate a primary explosion. C. Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.

2011/SR6 2006/SR8 2010/SR10 2012/SR11 2013/SR3 2014/SRC 2015/SRC 2017/SR02017/SR11

Oct 2017

Question 12

FEB 2020

2011/SR10 2012/SR12 2013/SR8 2014/SR08 2016/SR02 2016/SR04] 2016/SR11

2017/SR10 2018/SR08 2019/JAN

Question

Sketch and describe the means used for operation of air starting valves of a large engine. Explain how engine reversal is effected.

Question

Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design and operation criteria.

Discuss the manner in which the crankshaft may be overstressed and the difficulties arising there from

Overstressed

Reason of failure without overstressing.

Question

Suggest with reasons which one or a combination of the, FOLLOWING CONDITIONS is likely to contribute most to persistent breaking /slackening of holding down bolts.

Scavenge fire (b) small cracks in the transverse girders of bedplate (c) highly stressed holding down bolts (d) loose chocks (e) partially balanced reciprocating masses (f) one piston hung up.

Question

How fuel is injected into the cylinder of a heavy oil 2stroke cycle I.C. engine and how is it ignited.

Show by timing diagram at what point of the stroke injection of the fuel begins and end

Name the engine to which your answer refers

Question

Describe With the aid of Sketches a M\E injection pump capable of variable injection timing

Explaining how the fuel injection timing and quantity of the fuel injected is varied.

State why injection might need to be changed

How the injection timing is adjusted while the engine is running.

Question

With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state

What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?

How it effects engine operation

How it is reduced in practice,

Question

With reference to fuel as used for main engine operations:

State why the ordering of bunkers should be by reference to a defined specification rather than simply by viscosity;

Explain how on board test for EACH of the following are carried out.

Explain the possible significance of an abnormally high bunker delivery temperature in relation to the viscosity of the fuel ordered.

Question

With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors used in 4 stroke auxiliary engines, explain

Why flyweights are driven at higher rotational speed than the engine

How dead band effects are reduced

How hunting is reduced

How the output torque is increased.

2009/SR7 2012/SR09 2013/SR09 2013/SR12 2014/SR02 2014/SR12 2015/SR04

2016/SR7 2016/SR10 2017/SR09 2017/SR10 2018/SR02 2018/SR04 2018/SR07

2018/SR08 2018/SR09 2018/NOV 2019/JAN JAN 2020

Question

Sketch a fuel injector.

Explain how fuel injector operates and what determines the point at which injection occurs.

Describe the defects to which fuel injectors are prone.

How can fuel injection be improved when a low speed engine is to operate at prolonged low' load?

Oct 2020

Describe how a main engine fuel pump would be set and checked for: i) timing ; ii) quantity

Explain how a setting of a variable injection timing fuel pump is checked and adjusted

State why it be necessary to adjust the settings of a variable injection timed fuel pump

Oct 2020

Questions SR 4, 2 2009, SR 8 2008. Emergy set 2006

As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card (diagram)

From the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship

Describe your initial checks and preparations

State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these.

State in order of importance the additional information required with the card

State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power

State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis

Nov 2020

Question

Suggest with reasons which one or a combination of the, FOLLOWING CONDITIONS is likely to contribute most to persistent breaking /slackening of holding down bolts.

Scavenge fire (b) small cracks in the transverse girders of bedplate (c) highly stressed holding down bolts (d) loose chocks (e) partially balanced reciprocating masses (f) one piston hung up.

Jan 2021

Question

Discuss the nature of the forces to which a main engine crankshaft is subjected if normal service and explain how the resulting stress are maintained at a safe limit design and efficient maintenance respectively.

Indicate the circumstances under which the crankshaft may –

a) Be over-stressed:

b) Become defective without being over-stressed.

Jan 2021

Question

As a second engineer, list out all the potential hazards with regard to hot work on a fuel oil heater located inside a bunker fuel oil tank.

Explain how you carry out risk assessment for above mentioned hot work.

What control measures do you employ so that residual shall be reduced as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).