Question

What is direct-connected alternator?

One in which the alternator and engine are directly connected.

In other words, there is no intermediate gearing such as belt, chain etc. between the driving engine and alternator.

Question

How is a direct-connected exciter arranged in an alternator ?

The armature of the exciter is mounted on the shaft of the alternator close to the spider hub in some cases, it is mounted at a distance sufficient to permit a pedestal and bearing to be placed between the exciter and the hub.