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Marine Chief
Engineer Oral Exam — Master Question Bank
1. ESP (Enhanced Survey Programme)
1. What is ESP? Why was it introduced?
What existed before ESP? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
2. ESP content, applicability — why it
came for oil tankers and bulk carriers but not gas tankers. List 5 reasons why
ESP not applicable to gas tankers. (Gadkar, Apr 2026
& Mar 2025)
3. Does a chemical tanker need ESP?
When was it made mandatory for chemical tankers? What amendments were made? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
4. How will you prepare a vessel for
ESP as Chief Engineer — documents, records, close-up inspection scope. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Gupta, Feb 2026; Deshwal,
Mar 2026)
5. What is a close-up inspection under
ESP? What will you check in a ballast tank? (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
6. Types of coatings as per ESP —
coating condition assessment. (Shrivastava, Mar 2026 & Jun 2025)
7. Under which SOLAS chapter does ESP
fall? CE role in ESP. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
8. ESP survey scope for a 5-year-old
ship vs a 15-year-old ship. (Vishwanathan, Mar 2026)
9. ESP latest amendments (2022).
(Yadav, Apr 2026)
10. What is substantial corrosion under
ESP — if found, what action and how to go about the survey? (Gupta, Dec 2025;
Shrivastava, May 2025)
11. What are suspect areas under ESP —
bulk carrier prone areas. (Gupta, Feb 2026)
12. Documents and reports required under
ESP. (Gupta, Sept 2025)
13. SAFCON survey — scope, preparation as
CE, what to check on structure, requirements pertaining to ER. (Gadkar, Oct 2025; Vishwanathan,
Mar 2026)
2. Classification Society, IACS & RO
14. Duties of class from beginning to end
of ship's life. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
15. What is a special survey — scope and
timeframe? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
16. Types of surveys in class — class vs
statutory surveys, differences and examples. (Gadkar,
Dec 2025; Shrivastava, Oct 2025; Gupta, Mar 2026)
17. Condition of Class (COC) — definition,
what if not rectified within time limit, time limit for rectification. If you
joined a new ship, how do you know the vessel has a COC? (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
18. Memorandum — difference between COC
and Memorandum. (Shrivastava, Mar 2026; Yadav, Apr 2026)
19. Suspension of class — reasons and conditions
for automatic suspension. (Gadkar, Jan 2025; Yadav,
Apr 2026)
20. Withdrawal of class — conditions for
withdrawal. (Gadkar, Oct 2025; Shrivastava, Apr 2025)
21. Suspension, withdrawal, automatic
suspension, deletion of class — explain in order. (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
22. How class is assigned to a ship —
assignment of class. (Gupta, Jun 2025)
23. Class notation — explain in detail,
types, groups, total number of notations. (Yadav, Apr 2026; Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
24. Transfer of class (e.g., NK to another
class) — duties of CE in transfer process. (Yadav, Jan 2026)
25. What is IACS? How can a classification
society become a member of IACS — criteria and requirements. (Gupta, Jun 2025;
Yadav, Apr 2026)
26. IACS Unified Requirements (UR),
Unified Interpretations (UI), Procedural Requirements (PR) — roles and
examples. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
27. Common Structural Rules (CSR) — what
are they, types. (Gadkar, Feb 2025; Shrivastava, Jan
2026)
28. PR17 — what is it, who reports, where?
(Gadkar, Feb 2025; Gadkar,
Jan 2025)
29. How does IMO control the actions of
IACS? (Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
30. Difference between Class and RO —
specific duties of class with respect to being an RO. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Yadav, Apr 2026)
31. Conditions for a class to become a
Recognized Organization (RO) — who can become RO, under which instrument. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
32. RO Code in detail — how Flag delegates
authority to RO, under which instrument and section. Oversight of ROs
(Resolution MSC.349(92), MEPC.237(65)). (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
33. Is RO mandatory? How does Flag choose
RO? (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
34. Can another RO carry out a survey in
place of your ship's RO? (Vishwanathan, Mar 2026)
35. IACS — in what situations is class
attendance required on board? (Gupta, Mar 2026)
36. What is GBS (Goal Based Standards) —
why needed, since when, role of classification societies. (Gadkar,
Feb 2025; Vishwanathan, Jan 2026)
37. GBS – Goal Based Ship Standards. What
was before GBS? Functional requirements. (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
38. RO Code – detailed, how Flag delegates
authority to RO, oversight mechanism. (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
39. COC vs Memoranda – two examples for
each. When class automatically withdrawn – at least 4 ways. (Mehrotra, Nov
2025)
40. IOPP survey – which
documents/certificates to present. (Deswal, Feb 2026)
41. Clean ship and clean design notations.
(Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
3. TMON (Tailshaft Monitoring)
42. TMON — definition, purpose,
advantages, why necessary to maintain TMON file. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
43. TMON notation — survey method,
interval, extension, conditions for assigning. Records to maintain. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Oct 2025)
44. TMON Methods 1, 2, 3 — explain each.
(Gupta, Feb 2026)
45. Tailshaft
survey in detail — can you extend it? (Yadav, Apr 2026; Gadkar,
Aug 2025)
4. IWS (In-Water Survey) & Drydock
56. Docking survey – frequency. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
57. Continuous Survey of Machinery (CSM) –
codes. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2025)
58. Dry dock preparation as CE – complete
list of plans. (Gupta, Dec 2025)
59. Critical period in dry dock – how to
manage, trim during critical period. (Pakrasi, Apr
2025)
60. Before flooding in dry dock – what
certificate issued. (Wad, Feb 2026)
61. Which surveys are most important in
dry dock. (Wad, Dec 2025)
62. Extended dry dock criteria. (Mohanpal, Aug 2025)
63. How to extend dry dock interval.
(Gupta, Nov 2025)
64. Propeller and rudder fitting in dry
dock – what checks to carry out. Push-up length table. (Vishwanathan,
Apr 2025)
65. Propeller repair in dry dock – areas
to focus, cross questions. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
66. Dynamic balancing of equipment in
drydock. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
67. Cargo gear survey in dry dock. Cargo
hose survey. ER crane checks. (Wad, Feb 2026)
5. PSC (Port State Control)
68. PSC — why required if Flag State
exists, objective, basis for inspection. (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
69. Who gives PSC the power to inspect —
under which convention and regulation? (Gadkar, Apr
2026; Yadav, Apr 2026)
70. Types of PSC inspection — initial,
detailed, expanded, more detailed — differences. (Shrivastava, Feb 2026; Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
71. Clear grounds for PSC inspection —
what are they? (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, May
2025)
72. PSC detained ship — action as CE, PSC
codes for detention and deficiency. (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
73. Impact of PSC detention on Flag State.
(Gadkar, Apr 2026; Yadav, Apr 2026)
74. What is "no more favourable
treatment" in PSC? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
75. CIC (Concentrated Inspection Campaign)
— time interval, who decides, area of focus, latest CIC. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
76. White, Grey, Black list of ships/flags
in PSC. (Deshwal, Dec 2025; Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
77. New Inspection Regime (NIR) — what is
it, type of ship. (Gadkar, Aug 2025; Deshwal, Dec 2025)
78. Targeting factor — how PSC targets
ships. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
79. Total number of PSC MOUs — name all of
them, oldest MOU, history. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
80. Purpose of PSC MOUs — principal of
MOU. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
81. OWS not working at mid-sea, next port
expecting PSC — action as CE. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
82. PSC found ISM-related MNC — actions as
CE, consequences to Flag State. (Gadkar, Aug 2025)
83. What provisions are given to CE in
case of PSC disputes as per IMO? (Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
84. Difference between PSC inspection and
Flag State Inspection (FSI). (Deshwal, Feb 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
85. Certificates checked by PSC in engine
room. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
86. PSC — benefit to ship owner. (Yadav,
Apr 2026)
87. Ship wrongfully detained by PSC —
action as CE. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
88. GISIS – full form, function.
(Mehrotra, Apr 2025)
89. SIRE 2.0 – performance analysis
factors, PIF factor. (Wad, Feb 2026)
90. Wrongful detention of vessel – appeal
procedure. (Upendra, Feb 2025)
6. Flag State
91. Duties of Flag State as per Article 94
of UNCLOS. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
92. Flag State duties under OPRC
Convention. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
93. General Flag State duties — role of
Flag State. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
94. Flag of convenience — why choose FOC?
(Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
95. How IMO convention is enforced — what
Flag State has to do. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025)
96. Flag State responsibility as per
UNCLOS Article 94 and 217. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
97. Flag State inspection — difference
from PSC. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
7. UNCLOS
98. What is UNCLOS? How many articles? Key
functions. Why called umbrella convention. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
99. UNCLOS Article 91 — flag state.
(Yadav, Apr 2026)
100. UNCLOS Article 94 — duties of flag
state. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Yadav, Apr 2026)
101. UNCLOS Article 217 — flag state
enforcement. (Gadkar, Nov 2025; Deshwal,
Dec 2025)
102. UNCLOS Article 220 — coastal state
enforcement. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
103. UNCLOS Articles 17, 18 — innocent
passage. (Deshwal, Dec 2025)
104. UNCLOS Article 3 — territorial sea. (Deshwal, Jul 2025)
105. UNCLOS Article 4. (Deshwal,
Mar 2025)
106. Contiguous zone and EEZ under UNCLOS.
(Shrivastava, Jan 2025)
107. Dispute resolution mechanisms under
UNCLOS. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
108. Total number of chapters in UNCLOS. (Deshwal, Feb 2026)
109. UNCLOS provisions for landlocked states.
(Mehrotra, Jan 2026)
110. Right of innocent passage – when can a
state deny it. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
111. Umbrella convention – UNCLOS. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
8. ISM Code
112. Key elements / functional requirements
of ISM Code. (Gadkar, Jan 2025; Upendra, May 2025)
113. Latest amendments to ISM Code (including
cyber security). (Gadkar, Jan 2025; Yadav, Apr 2026)
114. ISM implementation on a new ship —
leaving documentation aside, how? (Yadav, Jan 2026; Gupta, Feb 2026)
115. NC and MNC — definitions as per ISM, how
to correct with example. (Shrivastava, Jul 2025; Deshwal,
Sept 2025)
116. Difference between corrective action,
preventive action and correction. (Gadkar, Dec 2025; Vishwanathan, Mar 2026)
117. What is MNC as per ISM — detainable
deficiencies under ISM. (Shrivastava, Jun 2025; Gupta, Jun 2025)
118. Additional audit of ISM — details,
timeframe. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025; Gupta, Oct 2025)
119. ISM elements related to Engine Room. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
120. What is environmental policy under ISM?
(Gadkar, Apr 2026)
121. Possible reasons for DOC to get
suspended. (Gadkar, Jan 2025)
122. When does SMC and DOC get cancelled?
(Yadav, Apr 2026)
123. SMC — which all audits are done
(initial, interim, renewal, additional)? (Yadav, Apr 2026)
124. Interim SMC vs initial SMC audit —
difference, what to check as CE. (Shrivastava, Jan 2026; Upendra, Sept 2025)
125. Management of Change (MOC) as per ISM.
(Shrivastava, Jul 2025; Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
126. Emergency preparedness as per ISM.
(Gupta, Aug 2025)
127. Master's review — output of master
review meeting. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026; Deshwal, Jun 2025)
128. HSSC – details and benefits.
Certificates under HSSC. Why ISM and ISPS not included. (Pakrasi,
Feb 2025)
129. ISM element 10 in detail – how to
identify critical equipment. FMECA. FSA. (Pakrasi,
Apr 2025)
130. Safe manning document – under which
convention, where in ISM. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
131. How to verify if SMS is effectively
implemented on board in short time. (Vishwanathan,
Mar 2025)
9. MARPOL
132. All conventions related to oil pollution
from tankers — detailed with major differences. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
133. MARPOL Annex VI certificates — IAPP,
IEAPP, EIAPP — difference between IAPP and IEAPP. (Gadkar,
Dec 2025; Yadav, Apr 2026)
134. Prepare vessel for MARPOL Annex VI
survey. (Gadkar, Feb 2025)
135. MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 33 and 35. (Deshwal, Mar 2026)
136. Incinerator requirements as per MARPOL
Annex VI — documents required. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
137. MARPOL Annex V — what is special about
bulk carriers (IMSBC). (Vishwanathan, Apr 2026)
138. MARPOL Annex IV in brief. (Gupta, Mar
2026)
139. Latest amendments to MARPOL Annex VI
(2022). (Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
140. Difference between ECA (Emission Control
Area) and Special Area. (Shrivastava, Feb 2026)
141. Latest ECA areas added — as per MEPC 83.
(Gadkar, Jan 2025; Upendra, May 2025)
142. In-use fuel oil sampling — MARPOL
sample, inline sample, onboard sample — differences. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025; Deshwal, Apr 2026)
143. Oil spill in Indian coast — course of
action, agencies involved, reporting procedure. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
144. Discharge criteria for MARPOL Annex I —
how to check instantaneous rate manually. (Vishwanathan,
Sept 2025)
145. Discharge criteria for slop tank — oil
tanker slop discharge criteria. (Vishwanathan, Oct
2025)
146. EIAPP certificate – why issued, who
issues, difference from IAPP. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
147. EGCS discharge criteria – PAH, turbidity
values, monitoring parameters. Which convention prohibits EGCS discharge.
(Mehrotra, Apr 2025)
148. FMEA/FMECA. (Pakrasi,
Feb 2025)
10. OPRC Convention
149. OPRC Convention — explain content. Is
India a party? (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Gadkar,
Aug 2025)
150. Duties of Flag State and Coastal State
under OPRC. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
151. Responsible authority in India for OPRC
— India's regional cooperation. (Gadkar, Jan 2025)
152. What India has in its legislature for
compliance with OPRC. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
153. Documents onboard related to OPRC. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
154. National Oil Spill Disaster Response
Centre (NOSDRC/NOS DCP) in India. (Vishwanathan, Oct
2025)
11. CLC, Fund & Oil Pollution Compensation Conventions
155. Three conventions related to cargo oil
liabilities — CLC, Fund Convention, Supplementary Fund. Differences. (Gadkar, Oct 2025)
156. CLC 92 — explain in detail, who
contributes, how to settle, limits. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025)
157. Fund Convention (IOPC Fund) — what is
it? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
158. Difference between CLC and Bunker
Convention. (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
159. Bunker Convention — basis, why it came,
liabilities, certificates involved. (Deshwal, Apr
2026; Gupta, Nov 2025)
160. What is persistent oil — relevant to
CLC. (Gadkar, Oct 2025)
161. HNS Convention. (Gadkar,
Oct 2025)
162. IOPC Fund. (Mehrotra, Feb 2025)
163. Types of civil liability funds. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2025)
12. Casualty Investigation & MS Act
164. What is marine casualty and shipping
casualty as per MS Act? (Shrivastava, Jun 2025; Vishwanathan,
Mar 2026)
165. What is a serious marine casualty?
(Gupta, Aug 2025)
166. Procedure of casualty investigation on
ship. (Gupta, Apr 2026)
167. Flag State responsibility in casualty
investigation. (Gupta, Nov 2025)
168. Unseaworthy ship — definition as per MS
Act, difference between unseaworthy and unsafe ship. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Gupta, Aug 2025)
169. What is a substantially interested party
in casualty investigation? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
170. MS Act 2025 — changes, new registration
amendments, casualty investigation provisions. (Shrivastava, Oct 2025; Upendra,
Sept 2025)
171. Human error, human element, human factor
— difference and application in maritime investigation. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
172. Special Casualty Representative. (Wad,
Feb 2026)
173. IMSAS details – what it covers, who does
the audit. (Mohanpal, Sept 2025)
13. Ship Registration
174. How to register a ship in India —
procedure, documents required (new and second-hand). (Gadkar,
Dec 2025; Upendra, May 2025)
175. De-registration of ships. (Gupta, Jun
2025)
176. IMO number — what is it, who maintains
records? Official number — what is it, why need both? (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Deshwal, Jun 2025)
177. Flag of convenience — reasons for
choosing FOC. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
178. IMO number vs official number – why need
both. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
179. How ship gets IMO number – who maintains
records. (Upendra, Apr 2025)
14. Marine Insurance
180. 6 principles of marine insurance —
explain each. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
181. What is subrogation — types of
subrogation, explain with example. (Gadkar, Apr 2026;
Shrivastava, Nov 2025)
182. What is utmost good faith (uberrimae fidei)? (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
183. What is proximate cause in insurance?
(Shrivastava, Dec 2025; Shrivastava, Jun 2025)
184. Difference between insured and indemnify
— what is indemnity in insurance? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
185. ICC clauses — what are they, purpose,
types, cover under ITC and ICC. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
186. What does P&I Club cover — how is
premium collected in P&I? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
187. Types of marine insurance. (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
188. What is total loss in marine insurance?
(Deshwal, Apr 2026)
189. H&M policy — what it covers,
exclusions. (Gupta, Jun 2025)
190. Where H&M and P&I both come
together. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
191. Sister ship clause. (Shrivastava, Dec
2025)
192. Insurance premium — decided on what
basis? (Yadav, Apr 2026)
193. What is insurable interest? (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
194. H&M claim — how to prepare a claim
(e.g., T/C damage). (Gupta, Jun 2025)
195. GA and PA — general average and
particular average. (Gadkar, Nov 2025; Vishwanathan, Mar 2026)
196. CTL (Constructive Total Loss) and ATL
(Actual Total Loss) – difference. (Mehrotra, Apr 2025)
197. GA and PA – difference, cross questions
on extraordinary meaning. Artificial GA. (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
198. Inchmaree
clause – what does it cover, example. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
199. New Jason clause. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
200. Running down clause. (Mehrotra, Jun
2025)
201. Sue and labour clause. (Wad, Feb 2026)
202. ITC (Institute Time Clauses) – what are
they. (Mehrotra, Apr 2025)
203. Disbursement warranty. (Wad, Feb 2026)
204. Reinsurance – facultative and treaty
reinsurance. (Mehrotra, Aug 2025)
205. ITOPF – functions, latest publication.
India OCIMF member. (Wad, Sept 2025)
206. Omnibus cover. (Pakrasi,
Aug 2025)
207. Vicarious liability. (Mehrotra, Aug
2025)
208. Omnibus cover details. (Wad, June 2025)
15. Charter Parties
209. Types of charter party and
responsibilities of CE in each. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
210. Bareboat/Demise charter — disponent owner definition. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
211. Time charter — what comes under owner
and charterer, procedure, on-hire survey. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Yadav, Jan 2026)
212. Voyage charter vs time charter — as CE
which is more challenging and why. (Shrivastava, May 2025)
213. Vessel not able to maintain speed as per
charter — action as CE, possible causes. (Gadkar, Apr
2026; Upendra, Jun 2025)
214. Demurrage, dispatch, laytime,
cancelling days. (Shrivastava, May 2025; Upendra, May 2025)
215. Why does a charterer prefer bareboat
charter — advantages. (Gupta, Apr 2026)
216. Taking over from bareboat charterer —
what to check. (Gupta, Apr 2026)
217. Fuel, various charges under different
charter types. (Gadkar, Mar 2025)
218. NYPE charter party for bulk carrier. Cesser and lien clause. (Gadkar,
Dec 2025)
219. Grounding of ship – action as CE,
reporting to owners and charterers. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
220. Cabotage law. (Wad, Sept 2025)
16. Bills of Lading & Trade
221. Hague Rules and Hague-Visby Rules —
differences. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Jan
2025)
222. Hamburg Rules and Rotterdam Rules —
comparison with Hague-Visby. (Shrivastava, Mar 2025; Deshwal,
Aug 2025)
223. Difference between York-Antwerp Rules
and Hague-Visby Rules. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
224. Bill of lading — straight, stale, e-bill
of lading. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
225. Dirty bill of lading. (Gadkar, Aug 2025)
226. Clean bill of lading. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
227. Letter of Credit (LC). (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
228. FOB and CIF — difference. (Shrivastava,
Nov 2025; Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
229. Rule Paramount. (Upendra, Feb 2025)
230. Specific cylinder oil consumption – what
it denotes. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
17. Salvage
231. What is LOF (Lloyd's Open Form)? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
232. What is SCOPIC — why introduced,
advantages and disadvantages. (Gadkar, Apr 2026;
Shrivastava, Jun 2025)
233. Why is a salvor sometimes reluctant to
invoke SCOPIC? (Shrivastava, Mar 2026)
234. Principles of salvage. (Gadkar, Sept 2025)
235. GA and PA in context of salvage. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
18. Maritime Law
236. Maritime lien — what is it, "in
rem", function. Actions in rem vs in personam.
What all can be liens on a ship? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
237. LLMC Convention (Limitation of Liability
for Maritime Claims) — convention, implications, which claims covered. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Gadkar, Aug
2025)
238. Admiralty law. (Deshwal,
Oct 2025)
239. Arbitration vs litigation — how parties
resolve disputes. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
240. SUA Convention — what it is, unlawful
acts, protocol. (Uma Shankar, Aug 2025; Gupta, Mar 2026)
241. Nairobi International Convention on
Removal of Wrecks — documents, India's stance, opt-in/opt-out. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Gadkar, Sept
2025)
242. London Convention 1972 and Protocol 1996
— what existed before, prohibited and permitted lists, synergy with MARPOL. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
243. Djibouti Code of Conduct — what is it? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
244. BIMCO — what is it? (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
245. PSSA (Particularly Sensitive Sea Area) —
criteria, newly added PSSAs. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
246. Convention vs code vs treaty —
difference. (Uma Shankar, 2025)
247. How IMO convention comes into force —
tacit acceptance procedure. (Vishwanathan, Oct 2025)
248. Non-mandatory / non-treaty instruments
of IMO. (Vishwanathan, Jan 2026)
249. London Convention vs Basel Convention
difference. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
250. Common law vs civil law vs admiralty law
vs maritime law. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
251. Arbitration – scope, details, ARIAS. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
252. In rem vs in personam
actions. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
19. ISPS Code & Ship Security
253. ISPS Code — details, implementation on
new ship, documents required. (Gupta, Apr 2026)
254. SSA (Ship Security Assessment) and SSP
(Ship Security Plan) — difference, how to implement, on-site survey.
(Shrivastava, Jan 2026)
255. What is in the SSP — can you show SSP to
PSC if demanded? (Deshwal, Apr 2026)
56. On-scene survey with respect to ship
security assessment. (Shrivastava, Mar 2026)
257. ISSC — how to get for a new ship.
(Gupta, Nov 2025)
258. Difference between safety and security —
conflict between safety and security. (Shrivastava, Mar 2026)
259. ISPS survey of vessel — ISSC survey
procedures. (Deshwal, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, May
2025)
260. ISPS Code – implementation on
new/existing ship. ISSC. SSP contents. Security levels. (Gupta, Dec 2025)
261. ISPS implementation on newly acquired
vessel – SSA how carried out. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
20. MLC 2006
262. MLC 2006 — what certificates required
(DMLC Part 1 and 2, COFS). (Gupta, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Jan 2026)
263. MLC documents on board. (Gupta, Apr
2026)
264. Latest MLC amendments. (Uma Shankar, Aug
2025; Upendra, May 2025)
265. Rest hours — MLC rest hour requirements
for normal and young seafarers. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
266. Rest hour violation for engine crew —
action as CE, especially for short coastal runs. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025; Gupta,
Mar 2026)
267. Certificate of Financial Security
(COFS/COFR) — applicable worldwide or specific? How to invoke? (Shrivastava,
Jan 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
268. Work rest violations and company not
supplying manpower — how to manage, where to report. (Gupta, Aug 2025)
269. MLC – seafarer employment agreement
contents. Termination of seafarer. (Mehrotra, Nov 2025)
270. New 3E joined, old 3E signing off in 12
hours – action as CE re rest hours. (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
21. GHG & Energy Efficiency
271. EEDI — formula, how given to ship, all
data required, who approves, reference line. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Jan 2026)
272. EEXI — formula, technical file contents,
who approves. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Gadkar,
Dec 2025)
273. SEEMP — what is it, how many parts,
SEEMP Part I, II, III. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Upendra,
May 2025)
274. CII — purpose of CII rating, all ratings
(A–E), D and E rating — action as CE. (Gadkar, Apr
2026; Shrivastava, Dec 2025)
275. EEOI — how it differs from EEDI and
EEXI, what fuel cost tells you. (Vishwanathan, Mar
2026)
276. GFI (Greenhouse Gas Fuel Intensity) —
what is it, unit, calculation — as per MEPC 83. (Shrivastava, May 2025; Deshwal, Mar 2026)
277. MEPC 83 — outcomes, new ECA zones, GFI.
(Shrivastava, May 2025; Upendra, Sept 2025)
278. MEPC 80 and 81 — differences. (Deshwal, Apr 2025)
279. IMO GHG strategy — short term, midterm,
long term targets. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
280. Market Based Measures (MBM) — examples.
(Gadkar, Apr 2026; Upendra, May 2025)
281. EU ETS and FuelEU
Maritime — Fit for 55 package. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
282. Carbon footprint — what is it? (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
283. Difference between carbon credit
certificate and carbon emission certificate. (Shrivastava, Feb 2026)
284. ESI (Environmental Ship Index) — what is
it, how calculated. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Upendra, May 2025)
285. How to improve CO2 emissions as CE. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
286. Carbon capture methods — what to do with
captured CO2. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
287. Green corridor — India-specific target.
(Deshwal, Mar 2026; Upendra, May 2025)
288. Paris Agreement and UNFCCC – first
legally binding climate treaty. COP 27, COP 30. (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
289. MEPC 80, 81, 82, 83 – details, GHG
related, how interrelated. (Deswal, Aug 2025)
290. India's stance on reducing GHG
emissions. (Deswal, June 2025)
291. Carbon factor (CF) of different fuels –
which has highest and why. (Vishwanathan, Apr 2025)
292. FuelEU
Maritime regulation. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
293. EU ETS – details, scope 1, 2, 3. (Wad,
Dec 2025)
294. Clean ship and clean design. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
295. COP 27/30, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement
relation to shipping. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
296. Kigali Amendment – greenhouse gases,
examples. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
297. GFI reference line – how EEXI reference
line was drawn. (Vishwanathan, Aug 2025)
298. EEXI, EEDI, CII, SEEMP – interrelation,
how SEEMP Part 3 relates to CII. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
22. Alternative & New Fuels
299. New fuels available — methanol,
hydrogen, 1st to 3rd generation biofuels. (Yadav, Jan 2026)
300. Methanol as fuel — characteristics,
safety, challenges, advantages and disadvantages. (Yadav, Apr 2026;
Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
301. Methanol slip — what is it? (Yadav, Jan
2026)
302. LNG as fuel — safety, challenges,
advantages and disadvantages, main disadvantage. (Gadkar,
Jan 2025; Shrivastava, Jun 2025)
303. LNG bunkering — full procedure, type of
coupling, ESD working, hose material. (Deshwal, Apr
2026; Deshwal, Dec 2025)
304. Ammonia as fuel — types (green, blue),
challenges, technical difficulties, safety. (Deshwal,
Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
305. Green vs blue ammonia. (Deshwal, Oct 2025)
306. Hydrogen fuel cell — working principle,
types, green/blue/grey/white hydrogen. (Deshwal, Mar
2026; Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
307. Blue hydrogen — what is it?
(Shrivastava, Dec 2025; Deshwal, Jul 2025)
308. E-fuels (electronic fuels) — what are
they, working principle, examples. (Shrivastava, Jun 2025; Deshwal,
Mar 2026)
309. Biofuels — types (1st, 2nd, 3rd
generation), difference from e-fuels. (Shrivastava, Jun 2025)
310. Drop-in fuels — what are they, examples.
(Upendra, Feb 2025)
311. FAME — what is it, why content increased
to 100% in ISO 8217:2024. (Shrivastava, Mar 2026; Shrivastava, Jun 2025)
312. Dual-fuel engines — which cycle, basic
structure and components, IGF code safeties. (Uma Shankar, Aug 2025;
Shrivastava, Jan 2026)
313. Are there engines running on hydrogen?
(Yadav, Jan 2026)
314. Wind propulsion systems — details. (Deshwal, Dec 2025)
315. Electric propulsion. (Deshwal, Jul 2025)
316. Methane safeties — advantages and
disadvantages. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
317. MEGA engine problems. Methane slip and
how engine maker reduced it. (Yadav, Apr 2025)
318. Challenges of using methanol as fuel in
marine engines – safeties, fuel line. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
319. Methane slip in MEGA engine – causes,
reduction. (Yadav, Apr 2025)
320. Hydrogen fuel cell – working principle.
(Deswal, Oct 2025)
321. Challenges of using ammonia as fuel –
technical difficulties. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
322. Biofuels – storage, handling,
complications, changes to engine. FAME content increase. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
323. Boundary tanks types on LNG ship.
(Upendra, Sept 2025)
23. Fuel Standards & Bunkering
324. ISO 8217:2024 — differences from 2017
version, changes (including winter/summer). (Shrivastava, Dec 2025; Gadkar, Oct 2025)
325. Carbon content in fuel — relevance. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
326. BDN (Bunker Delivery Note) — importance,
what is new in BDN. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Shrivastava,
May 2025)
327. How to ensure quality and quantity of FO
during bunkering — dispute in quantity, what if supplier doesn't sign LOP.
(Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
328. Fuel oil analysis report shows high catfines — action as CE. (Gadkar,
Oct 2025; Deshwal, Jul 2025)
329. Fuel oil analysis report shows high
carbon residue — action as CE. (Gadkar, Oct 2025)
330. FO sulphur more than 0.5% — actions as
CE. (Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
331. Bunker off-spec received — actions as
CE, how to report, to whom. (Deshwal, Dec 2025;
Gupta, Jun 2025)
332. FONAR (Fuel Oil Non-Availability Report)
— purpose, full form. (Gadkar, Feb 2025)
333. Microbiological degradation of fuel — precautions
onboard. (Gadkar, Sept 2025)
334. SDA (Stem Density Analysis /
Sulphur/Density Analysis) — why carried out, lab methods, frequency. (Gadkar, Jan 2025)
335. Low sulphur fuel — disadvantages and
challenges. (Gadkar, Nov 2025; Vishwanathan,
Feb 2026)
336. Raining during bunkering — actions as
CE. (Vishwanathan, Jan 2026)
337. Bunker fuel consumption increased –
action as CE. (Gupta, Dec 2025)
338. Training junior engineer – under which
code, competencies, functions of STCW. (Pakrasi, Feb
2025)
339. Voyage planning in respect to fuel
quality. (Wad, Feb 2026)
24. Propulsion & Propeller
340. Propeller curve / propulsion curve —
importance to CE, what information it gives. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
341. Pre-swirl stator / pre-swirl duct — what
is it, how it works. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
342. High skewed propeller — why it is
skewed, how it reduces vibration. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
343. Contra-rotating propeller — advantages.
(Deshwal, Mar 2026)
344. Hull Body Optimization — aft and forward
optimization. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
345. How to reduce hull friction. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
346. Hull air lubrication. (Upendra, Jun
2025)
347. How to improve propeller efficiency as
CE. (Deshwal, Mar 2026)
348. Propeller damage at mid-sea — action as
CE. (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
349. Can pitch change? What to do to change
pitch? (Yadav, Apr 2026)
350. Engine load diagram — X-axis, Y-axis,
significance. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025; Upendra, Jun
2025)
351. Propeller efficiency reduced — reasons.
(Gadkar, Sept 2025)
352. How to determine propeller fouling vs
hull fouling. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
353. How to calculate slip — real and
apparent slip. (Deshwal, Aug 2025; Upendra, Jun 2025)
354. P/D ratio high – effects. (Wad, Dec
2025)
355. Propeller immersion – formula, effect of
insufficient immersion. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
356. Engine load diagram vs engine layout
diagram – difference. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
25. Ship Stability
357. Static stability — basics, stability
curve, GZ curve, significance of area under GZ curve. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
358. GM (metacentric height) — what is it.
(Uma Shankar, Aug 2025)
359. Damage stability — deterministic method,
subdivision index. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Yadav, Jan
2026)
360. b60 and b100 ships — criteria for
stability of both. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
361. Multiple load lines — types, subdivision
load line. (Gadkar, Feb 2025; Shrivastava, Nov 2025)
362. Condition of assignment — process of
assigning freeboard. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
363. Subdivision factor — permissible length,
floodable length. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
364. Reserve buoyancy and residual / dynamic
buoyancy. (Vishwanathan, Mar 2026)
365. Parametric rolling — what is it,
countermeasures. (Gadkar, Nov 2025; Shrivastava, Dec
2025)
366. Loadicator —
purpose, where sensors fitted, how many transverse bulkheads, function. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
367. KN curves and GZ curve. (Upendra, Jun
2025)
368. Inertia test during sea trial. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
369. Cross curves of stability – why used,
where used. (Mehrotra, Mar 2025)
370. Volumetric heeling effect. (Wad, Sept
2025)
371. Stresses on bulkhead due to
accelerating/decelerating. (Wad, Sept 2025)
372. How to strengthen substantially corroded
area of cargo hold bulkhead. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
373. Permeability – where mentioned. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
374. Inclining experiment. (Mohanpal, Mar 2025)
375. Digital inclinometer – why introduced,
which ships. (Wad, Dec 2025)
376. Loadicator –
function, where shear force sensors located, regulatory requirements. (Vishwanathan, Mar 2025)
26. Chemical Tankers
377. Chemical tanker types as per IBC Code
(Type 1, 2, 3) — constructional differences. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
378. IBC Code Chapter 17 — purpose,
categories of cargo, construction details. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
379. Chemical tanker discharge criteria —
MARPOL requirements. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
380. Certificate of Fitness and P&A
Manual — who approves, what is yard data. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
381. Do chemical tankers carry heating cargo?
(Gadkar, Apr 2026)
382. How to decide which type of chemical
tanker carries which category of cargo. (Gadkar, Apr
2026)
383. Constructional difference between oil
tanker and chemical tanker. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
384. New requirements for stripping in
chemical tanker — P&A Manual Cat X cargo. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
385. Difference between IBC and BCH Code.
(Upendra, Feb 2025)
386. IBC Code amendment 2022. (Yadav, Apr
2026)
27. Bulk Carriers
387. SOLAS Chapter XII — additional safety
measures for bulk carriers. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
388. Cargo hold water ingress alarm, loading
instruments, dewatering system, lifeboat requirement of bulk carriers. (Vishwanathan, Apr 2026)
389. Why container ship fire incidents are
increasing. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
390. Safety for carrying bauxite cargo.
(Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
391. Amendment to IMSBC code in 2021. (Yadav,
Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
392. Why MSC Elsa 3 capsized — reason for
flooding in cargo hold. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
393. BLU Code — what is it? (Upendra, Jun
2025)
394. Type of steel used in bulk carrier / oil
tanker construction. Sheer strake material. (Pakrasi,
June 2025)
28. Gas Carriers (LPG/LNG)
395. Boiling point of ammonia, propane,
butane — cargo containment systems. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
396. In case of flooding — how cargo tanks
are protected, what if water leaks in cargo tank hold space. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
397. Types of tanks on LPG carrier —
difference between independent and integrated tanks, 2G and 2PG. (Upendra, Sept
2025)
398. IGC Code — latest amendments, difference
between IGC and IGF code. (Shrivastava, Jan 2026; Upendra, Sept 2025)
399. Reliquefaction
plant details. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
400. Joining LNG ship as CE — what are
requirements, courses required. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
401. Types of cargo tanks on LPG carrier – 2G
vs 2PG difference. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
29. Fire Safety
402. Fire detection system for cargo hold —
principle of operation. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
403. Fire extinguisher system in cargo hold —
principle of operation. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
404. Emergency fire pump requirements as per
SOLAS. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
405. Fixed firefighting CO2 system — 10-year
maintenance, how many bottles, calculation, time delay, release procedure. (Gadkar, Jan 2025; Uma Shankar, Aug 2025)
406. Latest amendments to FFA (firefighting
appliances). (Deshwal, Dec 2025; Deshwal,
Mar 2026)
407. FSS Code — what is it, latest
developments. (Yadav, Apr 2026; Deshwal, Oct 2025)
408. What details in fire protection plan re
structural protection. (Gadkar, Aug 2025)
409. Cargo hold fire detection — latest in
FSS Code. (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
410. FSS Code – latest amendments, PFOS full
form, why banned. (Wad, Feb 2026)
411. Fixed CO2 maintenance procedure,
hydrostatic testing as per SOLAS. (Wad, Feb 2026)
30. LSA & Lifeboats
412. Lifeboat survey requirements as per
SOLAS — annual and intermediate. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Deshwal, Oct 2025)
413. G8 and G9 guidelines — IMO resolutions
for BWMS. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
414. What changes are needed to use a
lifeboat as a rescue boat? (Gadkar, Oct 2025)
415. Latest amendment with respect to
enclosed-type lifeboat. (Uma Shankar, Aug 2025)
416. SEQ survey — lifeboat requirement, how
to prepare, who carries out lifeboat SEQ. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
417. Lifeboat annual test – static and
dynamic load testing. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
418. Lifeboat falls – type, when to replace,
end-to-end replacement. Gripes maintenance. (Mehrotra, Jun 2025)
419. Free fall lifeboat check
as per MSC 96 circular. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
31. Ballast Water Management
420. BWMC — viable and non-viable organisms,
D2 standard. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Vishwanathan,
Feb 2026)
421. What is "active substance" as
per BWM Convention. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Gadkar, Nov 2025)
422. G8 and G9 BWMS guidelines — D1, D2, D3
standards. (Gadkar, Nov 2025; Deshwal,
Aug 2025)
423. BWTS — land-based and shipboard testing,
D2 standard, Ballast Water Management Plan. (Shrivastava, May 2025)
424. BWTS not working — action as CE, whom to
report. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
425. USCG ballast water system requirements —
exact values. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
426. Challenging water — D2 standard — two
methods of test onboard. (Shrivastava, Mar 2026)
427. BWMS new amendments. (Uma Shankar, Aug
2025)
428. Ballast tank inspection — coating and
corrosion check, what to check with surveyor. (Vishwanathan,
Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
429. D1, D2, D3 standards for BWTS. D2
compliance dates. (Deswal, Oct 2025)
430. BWTS certification – land-based and
shipboard tests, another name for each. (Upendra, Apr 2025)
431. Challenging water in BWTS – action as
CE. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
432. TRC in BWMS. (Wad, Feb 2026)
433. D2 standard – CFU definition, ISO
kinetic. (Vishwanathan, Apr 2025)
434. G8 G9 guidelines – Active substances. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
32. NOx & SOx Reduction
435. Primary and secondary means of NOx
reduction. (Deshwal, Aug 2025; Upendra, Jun 2025)
436. EGR — explanation and difference between
DG SCR and ME SCR. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
437. SCR — types, advantages and
disadvantages. (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
438. NOx Technical File — contents, how many
certificates related. (Gupta, Nov 2025; Gupta, Mar 2026)
439. Onboard NOx verification — how done, how
to prove all engines are NOx compliant to PSC. (Upendra, Jun 2025; Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
440. Methods of SOx
reduction. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
441. Engine derating — why, how, with
example. (Deshwal, Aug 2025; Shrivastava, Feb 2026)
442. Engine power limiter vs engine derating
difference. (Mehrotra, Nov 2025)
443. Ship listed 30 degrees on STBD – action
as CE. (Vishwanathan, Aug 2025)
444. Container fell overboard, ship listed
20-30 degrees – action as CE. (Vishwanathan, Feb
2025)
445. Risk assessment – how to do on board,
definition of risk, low/moderate/high risk with DB tank example. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
33. Vibration & Machinery
446. Vibration at forward part of main engine
— causes. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
447. Heavy vibration at aft after coming out
of drydock — causes and corrective actions. (Gupta, Mar 2026; Gupta, Dec 2025)
448. Parametric rolling — countermeasures. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
449. ME breakdown — action as CE. (Uma
Shankar, 2025)
450. ME slowdown causes — action as CE.
(Upendra, Sept 2025)
451. Fuel consumption increased from previous
day — reasons and action as CE. (Gupta, Mar 2026; Vishwanathan,
Oct 2025)
452. FCM (Fuel Control Module) on RT-flex
engine — how many units, spare kept, action when FCM faulty. (Shrivastava, Aug
2025)
453. Latest ME engines — difference between
MEB and MEC engines. (Shrivastava, Feb 2026)
454. Auto-tuning in ME engine. (Shrivastava,
Dec 2025)
455. SFOC — what is it, how to calculate. (Vishwanathan, Oct 2025)
456. Power vs SFOC curve — significance. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
457. Minimum RPM of main engine — why given.
(Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
458. Engine tuning. (Vishwanathan,
Sept 2025)
459. How to calculate total fuel for voyage
(including lube oil for ME, AE and auxiliaries). (Uma Shankar, Aug 2025)
460. How to calculate bunker for next 15
days. (Vishwanathan, Apr 2026)
461. VIT and Super VIT – difference, PV
diagram for Super VIT. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
462. Variable Compression Ratio engine – how
it works. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
463. ME liner wear down – rate higher,
reasons and action. (Wad, Feb 2026)
464. AE conrod bolt found slack – action as
CE. (Vishwanathan, Aug 2025)
465. XDF engine – Variable Compression Ratio,
arrangement. (Yadav, Apr 2025)
34. Condition Monitoring
466. Lube oil analysis — what to check, how
it helps condition monitoring, SDA frequency. (Gupta, Mar 2026; Gadkar, Jan 2025)
467. Condition monitoring principle — which
equipment falls under condition monitoring. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
468. How to condition monitor liner (Iron
test kit). (Gupta, Mar 2026)
469. Tribology — what is it. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
470. Fail analysis / failure analysis. (Gadkar, Sept 2025)
471. Fatigue failure — component affected. (Gadkar, Sept 2025)
472. Scavenge drain sample analysis – checks
as CE. (Mehrotra, Apr 2025)
473. How to decide which machinery under PMS
vs condition monitoring. (Vishwanathan, Apr 2025)
474. High tensile steel – disadvantages
except fatigue failure. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
35. PMS (Planned Maintenance System)
475. PMS requirement — where given,
importance, PMS manual. (Gupta, Aug 2025)
476. How to implement PMS on a new ship — how
to prioritize jobs. (Gupta, Jun 2025)
477. Machinery CE cannot inspect without
surveyor's presence. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
478. Inventory management principles. How to
prioritize PMS jobs. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
36. Boiler
479. Why accumulation pressure test on
boiler? (Gadkar, Aug 2025)
480. Difference between exhaust gas boiler
(EGB) and exhaust gas economiser (EGE). (Shrivastava, Mar 2026; Shrivastava,
Jun 2025)
481. As CE how to set EGB safety valve. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
482. Auxiliary boiler repaired in drydock
(tubes changed) — actions before commissioning. (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
483. Boiler major at drydock — maintenance —
what checks before commissioning. (Vishwanathan, Nov
2025)
484. Double evaporation boiler – working,
pressure range. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
37. Electrical
485. NEMA standards (National Electrical
Manufacturers Association) — what are they, standards for ships, difference
from IEC. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Deshwal,
Apr 2026)
486. Two generators running in parallel, one
loses excitation — what happens, action as CE. (Upendra, Feb 2025)
487. Running generator frequency fluctuating
57–63 Hz — action as CE. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025; Vishwanathan, Apr 2026)
488. High voltage system — safeties,
additional safety. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
489. PID controller — what is it.
(Shrivastava, Feb 2026)
490. HART Protocol — what is it, why used
onboard. (Deshwal, Oct 2025; Deshwal,
Mar 2026)
491. Stern tube bearing — latest
developments, inspection requirements. (Gadkar, Dec
2025; Gupta, Dec 2025)
492. TWIN technology. (Wad, Feb 2026)
493. Fuel pump lead – what is cut-off hole,
how measured, significance, how adjusted. (Pakrasi,
Feb 2025)
494. Ionisation type smoke detector. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
495. Engine group and engine family. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
496. Turbocharger – changes, aspect ratio. (Pakrasi, Aug 2025)
497. Iron carbide diagram – carbon content of
ferrite and pearlite, application on board. (Pakrasi,
Feb 2025)
498. Heat treatment of crankshaft for
hardening. (Pakrasi, June 2025)
499. Spark erosion in main engine. (Mehrotra,
Jan 2026)
500. Dynamic balancing provision in ME. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
501. Types of cylinder lubricator on ship. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
502. Exhaust gas components measured on
testbed. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
503. Shaft generator – how frequency
maintained. PTI and PTO. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
504. ER overhead crane survey preparation. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2025)
505. NEMA standards for electrical equipment.
(Gadkar, Nov 2025)
506. IEC standards – ship electrical
equipment. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
507. Vacuum circuit breaker – what to check,
closing and opening time. (Wad, Dec 2025)
508. Proximity sensors – types and use. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
509. Types of transformer. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
510. Ionisation type heat detector. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
511. Piezoelectric materials – where found on
board. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
512. Electronic TEV function. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
513. Dead legs in piping systems. (Wad, Sept
2025)
514. Material of DB tanks. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
515. How to order undersize bearing for
crankshaft. (Pakrasi, June 2025)
516. Welding – TIG vs MIG difference. 4G, 5G,
6G welding – what is G. (Pakrasi, Feb 2025)
517. Piston ring material – types of coatings
and significance. (Upendra, Aug 2025)
518. Subcooler –
how it works, temperatures in/out. (Yadav, Apr 2025)
519. Framo pump –
performance check, cofferdam leakage criteria. (Vishwanathan,
Oct 2025)
520. MARVS setting – how it works. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2025)
38. QMS, TQM & ISM
521. 8 universal principles of Quality
Management System (QMS). (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
522. TQM (Total Quality Management) —
principles, significance, difference from QMS, which is mandatory. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
523. How to implement TQM onboard as CE — who
is the client for CE, internal and external customers. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
524. Difference between TQM and ISM. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
525. SWOT analysis — what is it. (Gadkar, Oct 2025)
526. Risk assessment — how to carry out
onboard, difference between risk and hazard. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
527. ALARP — what is it. (Gadkar,
Feb 2025)
528. Swiss cheese model. (Deshwal,
Jul 2025)
529. Maslow's theory / Abraham Maslow's
hierarchy of needs. (Deshwal, Apr 2026; Upendra, May
2025)
530. Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management
principle. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
531. Conflict management — how to resolve
conflict between officers. (Gadkar, Mar 2025; Yadav,
Apr 2026)
532. Johari window – how to use as CE. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
533. Maslow's theory of motivation – how to
use as CE. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
534. Dominos theory. (Pakrasi,
Oct 2025)
535. Root cause analysis – techniques
including FTA, Ishikawa/fishbone diagram. (Pakrasi,
Oct 2025)
536. FSA – steps, where applied. (Wad, Feb
2026)
537. Budgeting as CE – CAPEX and OPEX, heads
in budget. (Mohanpal, Sept 2025)
538. How to prepare annual budget for
technical department. (Pakrasi, Apr 2025)
39. Vetting & TMSA
539. Vetting inspection — what is it,
purpose, why needed when class/flag/PSC exist. (Gupta, Apr 2026)
540. How vetting inspector carries out risk
assessment onboard. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
541. Rightship
inspection — explain and why done. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
542. TMSA file content. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
543. TMSA – elements in detail. Element 13.
(Wad, Feb 2026)
40. Audit (Internal & External)
544. Internal audit of deck as CE — how to
conduct, how to conclude. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
545. External audit — frequency,
qualification of external auditor. (Deshwal, Jun
2025)
546. Can CE carry out audit of a ship —
surveys CE can and cannot carry out. (Deshwal, Dec
2025)
547. Types of audits. (Vishwanathan,
Feb 2026)
41. Hong Kong Convention (Ship Recycling)
548. Hong Kong Convention — in detail, why it
came into force. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
549. IHM (Inventory of Hazardous Materials) —
Part 1, 2 and 3 in detail. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
550. As CE, how to prepare for recycling of
ship — certification (IRRC). (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
551. Has India ratified Hong Kong Convention?
(Gadkar, Apr 2026)
552. Documents related to Hong Kong
Convention — from recycling yard's perspective. (Gadkar,
Apr 2026)
553. Ship Recycling credit note in India. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
554. Joining a 30-year-old ship as CE — how
to find Hazardous Material Inventory (not from yard). (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
42. SOLAS (Specific Chapters & Topics)
555. SOLAS Chapter XI-1 — how it increases
safety. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
556. SOLAS Chapter XII — additional safety
measures for bulk carriers. (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
557. SOLAS Chapter 13 and III Code — number
of conventions under III Code. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
558. SOLAS applicability — what GT, will it
apply to Indian coastal ship of 300 GT? (Vishwanathan,
Feb 2026)
559. SOLAS new chapters — name and
definition. (Uma Shankar, 2025)
560. SOLAS Chapter 15. (Deshwal,
Jun 2025)
561. SOLAS Chapter 8. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
562. SOLAS Chapter 9 (ISM). (Upendra, Jun
2025)
563. Certificates under SOLAS — HSSC
(Harmonized System of Survey and Certification). (Yadav, Apr 2026; Gupta, Mar
2026)
564. COSWP — chapters of Code of Safe Working
Practices. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
565. SPS Code — what is it? (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
43. Load Line & Tonnage
566. Types of load line — subdivision load
line. (Gadkar, Dec 2025)
567. Type B-100 and B-60 ships. (Gadkar, Feb 2025)
568. Multiple load lines — how many can be
issued. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025; Upendra, May 2025)
569. Difference between load line of
container ships and other ships. (Deshwal, Oct 2025)
570. Who is responsible for load line
certificate onboard? (Gadkar, Feb 2025)
571. Definition of length as per Tonnage
Convention — why not LOA, why separate definition. (Vishwanathan,
Jan 2026)
572. Tacit acceptance in load line. (Yadav,
Apr 2026)
573. Tonnage tax scheme – eligibility,
advantages. (Pakrasi, Aug 2025)
44. Ship Construction & Design
574. IMO Goal Based Standards (GBS) — why
needed, since when, role of class. (Gadkar, Feb 2025;
Vishwanathan, Jan 2026)
575. Double hull — advantages and
disadvantages. (Deshwal, Apr 2026)
576. What is green sea / green seas. (Deshwal, Apr 2026; Deshwal, Jun
2025)
577. Watertight integrity in tanker — how to
achieve. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
578. IACS Common Structural Rules — what are
they, types. (Gadkar, Feb 2025; Shrivastava, Jan
2026)
579. VECS system — what is it. (Deshwal, Aug 2025)
580. Dewatering system. (Upendra, Feb 2025)
581. IG system — new developments. (Uma
Shankar, 2025)
582. Shop trial and sea trial — what tests
are done, purpose, importance. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
583. What to check before taking yard
delivery. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
584. Model test — types of tests during model
test. (Upendra, Sept 2025)
45. Noise Code
585. Noise Code — full details,
applicability, allowable limits, hearing conservation program. (Gadkar, Nov 2025)
586. Noise level allowable in ER and ECR —
what is a decibel, why dBA, equation, reference value. (Vishwanathan,
Feb 2026; Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
587. How to carry out noise measurements as
CE. (Deshwal, Dec 2025; Gadkar,
Nov 2025)
46. Cyber Security
588. Maritime cyber risk management — IMO
guidelines, latest amendments (inclusion beyond SMS). (Gadkar,
Apr 2026; Gadkar, Jan 2025)
589. How to implement cyber security onboard
as CE. (Deshwal, Dec 2025; Vishwanathan,
Oct 2025)
590. Documents in cyber security management.
(Upendra, Sept 2025)
591. Cyber security notation — how to propose
to class. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
592. Amendment to cyber security as per ISM.
(Yadav, Apr 2026; Shrivastava, Apr 2026)
47. Grounding & Emergency
593. Grounding of ship — action as CE,
reporting to owners and charterers. (Yadav, Jan 2026)
594. Vessel aground in way of engine room —
action as CE. (Gupta, Mar 2026)
595. Collision in way of engine room —
actions as CE. (Gupta, Apr 2026)
596. Emergency contingency manual. (Gupta,
Nov 2025)
597. Oil spill in port from ship (no bunker
operation) — action as CE. (Gupta, Feb 2026)
598. Ship collided — documents and reports to
prepare, for whom. (Deshwal, Mar 2026)
599. Not able to heave up anchor — action as
CE. (Gadkar, Nov 2025; Yadav, Apr 2026)
600. OMD alarm — CE action. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
601. Crack in ballast tank – action as CE
(practical). (Yadav, Apr 2026)
48. Crew Management & Leadership
602. CE duties — general. (Shrivastava, May
2025)
603. Leadership qualities of CE as per STCW.
(Vishwanathan, Feb 2026; Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
604. Difference between competency and
proficiency — where is CE competency written. (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
605. CE qualities required as per STCW — last
competency in Table III/2. (Vishwanathan, Oct 2025)
606. 2nd Engineer not working — action as CE.
(Yadav, Apr 2026)
607. Multinational crew fighting — action as
CE. (Yadav, Apr 2026)
608. How to implement safety culture onboard
— which code talks about safety culture. (Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025; Vishwanathan, Oct 2025)
609. Near miss incidents increasing after
joining — causes and actions. (Gupta, Nov 2025)
610. Social security for seafarers — how to
ensure as CE. (Vishwanathan, Mar 2026)
49. CAS & CAP
611. CAS (Condition Assessment Scheme) — in
detail. (Yadav, Apr 2026; Deshwal, Jul 2025)
612. CAP (Condition Assessment Programme) —
what is it. (Deshwal, Jul 2025)
50. Miscellaneous / Other Topics
613. VGP (Vessel General Permit). (Yadav, Apr
2026)
614. FAL Convention — FAL Committee, FAL 49,
maritime single window. (Deshwal, Apr 2025; Upendra,
Feb 2025)
615. LRIT — what is it. (Upendra, May 2025)
616. ETA (Electronic Type Approval) on ships
— latest amendments. (Uma Shankar, Aug 2025)
617. AFS (Anti-Fouling System) — latest
developments in AFS paint. (Gupta, Dec 2025; Gupta, Mar 2026)
618. Technical Coating File (CTF/TCF) — types
of coating, content. (Shrivastava, Oct 2025; Shrivastava, May 2025)
619. ISGOTT — what is it, which organisation
develops it. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
620. CDTR [Controlled Document Transmittal
Record] — what is it. (Gadkar, Jan 2025)
621. SHAPOLI — what is it. – exact working principle,
all instruments. (Wad, Sept 2025, Gadkar, Dec 2025;
Shrivastava, May 2025)
622. Dock Safety Rules 1990. (Upendra, Jun
2025)
623. What is an industrial person (as per
SOLAS). (Deshwal, Jul 2025; Vishwanathan,
Oct 2025)
624. Kyoto Protocol — dates, targets,
timeline. (Deshwal, Feb 2026; Deshwal,
Oct 2025)
625. UNFCCC and COP30 — what they are, where
COP30 held, who are parties. (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025)
626. S&P Global — what is it, role in IMO
number. (Deshwal, Mar 2025; Upendra, May 2025)
627. What is ORB — ORB entries, sludge
discrepancy in ORB — action as CE. (Gupta, Apr 2026; Vishwanathan,
Nov 2025)
628. Official log book — entries and
requirements. (Gadkar, Apr 2026; Deshwal,
Oct 2025)
629. Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR) —
contents, who updates, when inspected. (Gupta, Sept 2025)
630. PR17 — who reports. (Gadkar,
Feb 2025)
631. FONAR — purpose, full form. (Gadkar, Feb 2025)
632. Rightship —
what is it, why done. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
633. Polarizing index. (Upendra, May 2025)
634. Tonnage tax calculation for Indian
ships. (Upendra, May 2025)
635. N2 generator in detail. (Upendra, Jun
2025)
636. Precautions for carrying EV vehicles. (Vishwanathan, Sept 2025)
637. India's position in IMO (Category B) —
IMO structure, committees. (Shrivastava, Nov 2025; Shrivastava, Aug 2025)
638. IMO structure — organs, organogram,
subcommittees (all names). (Vishwanathan, Nov 2025;
Shrivastava, May 2025)
639. IMO slogan. (Vishwanathan,
Mar 2026)
640. What is cargo work — how to reduce cargo
work as CE (non-ER). (Vishwanathan, Oct 2025)
641. Noon chit — what is it. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
642. What is a dispensation — procedure, to
whom to address. (Vishwanathan, Feb 2026)
643. Himalayan clause. (Upendra, Jun 2025)
644. 3/4th collision clause. (Upendra, Jun
2025)
645. CIOFS[Certificate
of Insurance or Other Financial Security] — what is it. (Shrivastava, Oct 2025)
646. BMP4 vs BMP5 — differences. (Upendra,
May 2025)
647. STCW 2010 Manila amendment. (Upendra,
Jun 2025)
648. Fit for 55 package.
(Upendra, Jun 2025)
649. What is ship routing? (Gadkar, Apr 2026)
650. IMO III Code — KPI as per III Code. (Gadkar, Oct 2025)
651. What is ISGOTT. (Vishwanathan,
Oct 2025)